Choosing the right standardized test for college admissions in the United States is a critical decision for high school students. Two of the most recognized exams are the SAT (conducted by the College Board) and the ACT (conducted by ACT, Inc.). Both tests aim to measure a student’s readiness for college, but they differ in structure, scoring, content, and testing style.
College Board SAT and ACT
If you’re a student (or a parent helping your child), understanding the difference between College Board SAT and ACT will help you make the best choice. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll break down every aspect of the SAT vs ACT, including:
- What are SAT and ACT?
- Major differences between SAT and ACT
- Exam structure and format comparison
- Scoring systems and percentile rankings
- Cost and registration process
- Which test is easier?
- Tips for deciding which exam to take
- FAQs about SAT vs ACT
1. What is the SAT?
The SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) is a standardized test developed and administered by the College Board, a non-profit organization. It is widely used by colleges in the U.S. to assess a student’s academic preparedness for higher education.
Key Highlights of SAT:
- Conducted by: College Board
- Duration: 3 hours (excluding breaks)
- Sections:
- Reading
- Writing and Language
- Math (with and without calculator)
- Optional Essay: Discontinued since 2021
- Score Range: 400–1600
- Purpose: Measures critical reading, writing, and math skills
The SAT focuses heavily on evidence-based reading and writing (EBRW) and mathematical reasoning.
2. What is the ACT?
The ACT (American College Testing) is another standardized college admission test used widely across the U.S. It tests similar skills but has a different approach compared to the SAT.
Key Highlights of ACT:
- Conducted by: ACT, Inc.
- Duration: 2 hours 55 minutes (plus 40 minutes for optional essay)
- Sections:
- English
- Math
- Reading
- Science
- Optional Essay: Yes (Writing Test)
- Score Range: 1–36
- Purpose: Measures English, math, reading, and science reasoning
The ACT places a unique emphasis on science reasoning, which is not a separate section in the SAT.
3. Major Differences Between College Board SAT and ACT
Here’s a quick comparison table:
| Feature | SAT | ACT |
| Conducted By | College Board | ACT, Inc. |
| Sections | Reading, Writing, Math | English, Math, Reading, Science |
| Optional Essay | No (removed in 2021) | Yes (Writing Test) |
| Score Range | 400–1600 | 1–36 |
| Duration | 3 hours | 2 hrs 55 min (+40 min essay) |
| Science Section | None | Yes |
| Math Calculator Policy | Two parts: with and without | Calculator allowed entire section |
| Popularity | Coastal U.S., International | Midwest and Southern U.S. |
4. Exam Structure and Sections Explained
Understanding the structure of both exams is essential before deciding which one to take.
SAT Structure
- Reading: 52 questions | 65 minutes
- Writing & Language: 44 questions | 35 minutes
- Math (No Calculator): 20 questions | 25 minutes
- Math (Calculator): 38 questions | 55 minutes
Total Questions: 154
Total Time: 3 hours
ACT Structure
- English: 75 questions | 45 minutes
- Math: 60 questions | 60 minutes
- Reading: 40 questions | 35 minutes
- Science: 40 questions | 35 minutes
- Optional Essay: 1 essay | 40 minutes
Total Questions: 215
Total Time: 2 hrs 55 min (without essay)
5. Scoring System
One of the biggest differences is how each test is scored.
SAT Scoring
- Total Score: 400–1600
- Two Sections:
- Evidence-Based Reading and Writing: 200–800
- Math: 200–800
- No negative marking
ACT Scoring
- Composite Score: 1–36
- Average of four sections (English, Math, Reading, Science)
- Optional Essay scored separately (2–12)
- No negative marking
6. Cost and Registration
- SAT Fee: Around $60 (additional fees for late registration, international students, etc.)
- ACT Fee: Around $66 (without essay) | $91 (with essay)
Additional Costs:
- Sending scores to colleges
- Late registration charges
7. SAT vs ACT: Which One is Easier?
There’s no universal answer because it depends on your strengths. Here’s a quick guide:
- Good at math and problem-solving? → SAT might suit you better.
- Comfortable with science and fast-paced questions? → ACT might be better.
- Prefer more time per question? → SAT gives slightly more time.
- Like straightforward questions without tricky wording? → ACT tends to be more direct.
8. Key Differences in Detail
Time Pressure
- ACT has more questions in less time, so speed matters.
- SAT provides more time per question.
Science Section
- ACT has a dedicated science section testing interpretation, evaluation, and reasoning.
- SAT does not have a science section but includes science-based questions in reading and math.
Math Content
- SAT focuses on algebra, problem-solving, and data analysis.
- ACT includes trigonometry and a broader math range.
Guessing Penalty
- Neither test penalizes for guessing, so answer every question!
9. Tips for Choosing the Right Test
- Take practice tests for both SAT and ACT.
- Analyze which format suits your strengths.
- Check college requirements: Some prefer SAT, some ACT, most accept both.
- Consider test dates and availability.
- Factor in prep resources: SAT has official prep with Khan Academy.
10. SAT vs ACT for International Students
For international applicants:
- Both tests are widely accepted.
- SAT may have more global test centers.
- ACT may require faster English comprehension due to time limits.
11. Should You Take Both Tests?
Some students take both SAT and ACT to maximize their chances, but:
- It can be time-consuming and costly.
- Instead, focus on one and aim for a top score.
Conclusion
The difference between College Board SAT and ACT lies in structure, timing, content, and scoring, but both aim to assess college readiness. The best choice depends on your strengths, college preferences, and preparation strategy.
Quick Summary:
- SAT → More time per question, strong math emphasis, no science section.
- ACT → Faster pace, includes science, optional essay.
Whichever you choose, consistent preparation is the key to success.
FAQs
Q1: Which test is better for scholarships?
Both SAT and ACT are used for merit-based scholarships.
Q2: Can I convert SAT score to ACT?
Yes, there are conversion charts, but colleges accept official scores.
Q3: Do all colleges accept both SAT and ACT?
Most U.S. colleges accept both, but always check individual requirements.